use ruff_formatter::{FormatOwnedWithRule, FormatRefWithRule, FormatRule, FormatRuleWithOptions};
use ruff_python_ast::{AnyNodeRef, Expr, PatternMatchAs};
use ruff_python_ast::{MatchCase, Pattern};
use ruff_python_trivia::CommentRanges;
use ruff_python_trivia::{
    BackwardsTokenizer, SimpleToken, SimpleTokenKind, first_non_trivia_token,
};
use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
use std::cmp::Ordering;

use crate::builders::parenthesize_if_expands;
use crate::context::{NodeLevel, WithNodeLevel};
use crate::expression::parentheses::{
    NeedsParentheses, OptionalParentheses, Parentheses, optional_parentheses, parenthesized,
};
use crate::prelude::*;
use crate::preview::is_avoid_parens_for_long_as_captures_enabled;

pub(crate) mod pattern_arguments;
pub(crate) mod pattern_keyword;
pub(crate) mod pattern_match_as;
pub(crate) mod pattern_match_class;
pub(crate) mod pattern_match_mapping;
pub(crate) mod pattern_match_or;
pub(crate) mod pattern_match_sequence;
pub(crate) mod pattern_match_singleton;
pub(crate) mod pattern_match_star;
pub(crate) mod pattern_match_value;

#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
pub struct FormatPattern {
    parentheses: Parentheses,
}

impl FormatRuleWithOptions<Pattern, PyFormatContext<'_>> for FormatPattern {
    type Options = Parentheses;

    fn with_options(mut self, options: Self::Options) -> Self {
        self.parentheses = options;
        self
    }
}

impl FormatRule<Pattern, PyFormatContext<'_>> for FormatPattern {
    fn fmt(&self, pattern: &Pattern, f: &mut PyFormatter) -> FormatResult<()> {
        let format_pattern = format_with(|f| match pattern {
            Pattern::MatchValue(pattern) => pattern.format().fmt(f),
            Pattern::MatchSingleton(pattern) => pattern.format().fmt(f),
            Pattern::MatchSequence(pattern) => pattern.format().fmt(f),
            Pattern::MatchMapping(pattern) => pattern.format().fmt(f),
            Pattern::MatchClass(pattern) => pattern.format().fmt(f),
            Pattern::MatchStar(pattern) => pattern.format().fmt(f),
            Pattern::MatchAs(pattern) => pattern.format().fmt(f),
            Pattern::MatchOr(pattern) => pattern.format().fmt(f),
        });

        let parenthesize = match self.parentheses {
            Parentheses::Preserve => is_pattern_parenthesized(
                pattern,
                f.context().comments().ranges(),
                f.context().source(),
            ),
            Parentheses::Always => true,
            Parentheses::Never => false,
        };

        if parenthesize {
            let comments = f.context().comments().clone();

            // Any comments on the open parenthesis.
            //
            // For example, `# comment` in:
            // ```python
            // (  # comment
            //    1
            // )
            // ```
            let open_parenthesis_comment = comments
                .leading(pattern)
                .first()
                .filter(|comment| comment.line_position().is_end_of_line());

            parenthesized("(", &format_pattern, ")")
                .with_dangling_comments(
                    open_parenthesis_comment
                        .map(std::slice::from_ref)
                        .unwrap_or_default(),
                )
                .fmt(f)
        } else {
            format_pattern.fmt(f)
        }
    }
}

impl<'ast> AsFormat<PyFormatContext<'ast>> for Pattern {
    type Format<'a> = FormatRefWithRule<'a, Pattern, FormatPattern, PyFormatContext<'ast>>;

    fn format(&self) -> Self::Format<'_> {
        FormatRefWithRule::new(self, FormatPattern::default())
    }
}

impl<'ast> IntoFormat<PyFormatContext<'ast>> for Pattern {
    type Format = FormatOwnedWithRule<Pattern, FormatPattern, PyFormatContext<'ast>>;

    fn into_format(self) -> Self::Format {
        FormatOwnedWithRule::new(self, FormatPattern::default())
    }
}

fn is_pattern_parenthesized(
    pattern: &Pattern,
    comment_ranges: &CommentRanges,
    contents: &str,
) -> bool {
    // First test if there's a closing parentheses because it tends to be cheaper.
    if matches!(
        first_non_trivia_token(pattern.end(), contents),
        Some(SimpleToken {
            kind: SimpleTokenKind::RParen,
            ..
        })
    ) {
        matches!(
            BackwardsTokenizer::up_to(pattern.start(), contents, comment_ranges)
                .skip_trivia()
                .next(),
            Some(SimpleToken {
                kind: SimpleTokenKind::LParen,
                ..
            })
        )
    } else {
        false
    }
}

impl NeedsParentheses for Pattern {
    fn needs_parentheses(
        &self,
        parent: AnyNodeRef,
        context: &PyFormatContext,
    ) -> OptionalParentheses {
        match self {
            Pattern::MatchValue(pattern) => pattern.needs_parentheses(parent, context),
            Pattern::MatchSingleton(pattern) => pattern.needs_parentheses(parent, context),
            Pattern::MatchSequence(pattern) => pattern.needs_parentheses(parent, context),
            Pattern::MatchMapping(pattern) => pattern.needs_parentheses(parent, context),
            Pattern::MatchClass(pattern) => pattern.needs_parentheses(parent, context),
            Pattern::MatchStar(pattern) => pattern.needs_parentheses(parent, context),
            Pattern::MatchAs(pattern) => pattern.needs_parentheses(parent, context),
            Pattern::MatchOr(pattern) => pattern.needs_parentheses(parent, context),
        }
    }
}

pub(crate) fn maybe_parenthesize_pattern<'a>(
    pattern: &'a Pattern,
    case: &'a MatchCase,
) -> MaybeParenthesizePattern<'a> {
    MaybeParenthesizePattern { pattern, case }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub(crate) struct MaybeParenthesizePattern<'a> {
    pattern: &'a Pattern,
    case: &'a MatchCase,
}

impl Format<PyFormatContext<'_>> for MaybeParenthesizePattern<'_> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<PyFormatContext<'_>>) -> FormatResult<()> {
        let MaybeParenthesizePattern { pattern, case } = self;

        let comments = f.context().comments();
        let pattern_comments = comments.leading_dangling_trailing(*pattern);

        // If the pattern has comments, we always want to preserve the parentheses. This also
        // ensures that we correctly handle parenthesized comments, and don't need to worry about
        // them in the implementation below.
        if pattern_comments.has_leading() || pattern_comments.has_trailing_own_line() {
            return pattern.format().with_options(Parentheses::Always).fmt(f);
        }

        let needs_parentheses = pattern.needs_parentheses(AnyNodeRef::from(*case), f.context());

        match needs_parentheses {
            OptionalParentheses::Always => {
                pattern.format().with_options(Parentheses::Always).fmt(f)
            }
            OptionalParentheses::Never => pattern.format().with_options(Parentheses::Never).fmt(f),
            OptionalParentheses::Multiline => {
                if can_pattern_omit_optional_parentheses(pattern, f.context()) {
                    optional_parentheses(&pattern.format().with_options(Parentheses::Never)).fmt(f)
                } else {
                    parenthesize_if_expands(&pattern.format().with_options(Parentheses::Never))
                        .fmt(f)
                }
            }
            OptionalParentheses::BestFit => {
                if pattern_comments.has_trailing() {
                    pattern.format().with_options(Parentheses::Always).fmt(f)
                } else {
                    // The group id is necessary because the nested expressions may reference it.
                    let group_id = f.group_id("optional_parentheses");
                    let f = &mut WithNodeLevel::new(NodeLevel::Expression(Some(group_id)), f);

                    best_fit_parenthesize(&pattern.format().with_options(Parentheses::Never))
                        .with_group_id(Some(group_id))
                        .fmt(f)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/// This function is very similar to
/// [`can_omit_optional_parentheses`](crate::expression::can_omit_optional_parentheses)
/// with the only difference that it is for patterns and not expressions.
///
/// The base idea of the omit optional parentheses layout is to prefer using parentheses of sub-patterns
/// when splitting the pattern over introducing new patterns. For example, prefer splitting the sequence pattern in
/// `a | [b, c]` over splitting before the `|` operator.
///
/// The layout is only applied when the parenthesized pattern is the first or last item in the pattern.
/// For example, the layout isn't used for `a | [b, c] | d` because that would look weird.
pub(crate) fn can_pattern_omit_optional_parentheses(
    pattern: &Pattern,
    context: &PyFormatContext,
) -> bool {
    let mut visitor = CanOmitOptionalParenthesesVisitor::default();
    visitor.visit_pattern(pattern, context);

    if !visitor.any_parenthesized_expressions {
        // Only use the more complex IR if there's a parenthesized pattern that can be split before
        // splitting other patterns. E.g. split the sequence pattern before the string literal `"a" "b" | [a, b, c, d]`.
        false
    } else if visitor.max_precedence_count > 1 {
        false
    } else {
        // It's complicated
        fn has_parentheses_and_is_non_empty(pattern: &Pattern, context: &PyFormatContext) -> bool {
            let has_own_non_empty = match pattern {
                Pattern::MatchValue(_)
                | Pattern::MatchSingleton(_)
                | Pattern::MatchStar(_)
                | Pattern::MatchOr(_) => false,
                Pattern::MatchAs(PatternMatchAs { pattern, .. }) => match pattern {
                    Some(pattern) => {
                        is_avoid_parens_for_long_as_captures_enabled(context)
                            && has_parentheses_and_is_non_empty(pattern, context)
                    }
                    None => false,
                },
                Pattern::MatchSequence(sequence) => {
                    !sequence.patterns.is_empty() || context.comments().has_dangling(pattern)
                }
                Pattern::MatchMapping(mapping) => {
                    !mapping.patterns.is_empty() || context.comments().has_dangling(pattern)
                }
                Pattern::MatchClass(class) => !class.arguments.patterns.is_empty(),
            };

            if has_own_non_empty {
                true
            } else {
                // If the pattern has no own parentheses or it is empty (e.g. ([])), check for surrounding parentheses (that should be preserved).
                is_pattern_parenthesized(pattern, context.comments().ranges(), context.source())
            }
        }

        visitor
            .last
            .is_some_and(|last| has_parentheses_and_is_non_empty(last, context))
            || visitor
                .first
                .pattern()
                .is_some_and(|first| has_parentheses_and_is_non_empty(first, context))
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Default)]
struct CanOmitOptionalParenthesesVisitor<'input> {
    max_precedence: OperatorPrecedence,
    max_precedence_count: usize,
    any_parenthesized_expressions: bool,
    last: Option<&'input Pattern>,
    first: First<'input>,
}

impl<'a> CanOmitOptionalParenthesesVisitor<'a> {
    fn visit_pattern(&mut self, pattern: &'a Pattern, context: &PyFormatContext) {
        match pattern {
            Pattern::MatchSequence(_) | Pattern::MatchMapping(_) => {
                self.any_parenthesized_expressions = true;
            }

            Pattern::MatchValue(value) => match &*value.value {
                Expr::StringLiteral(_)  |
                Expr::BytesLiteral(_) |
                // F-strings are allowed according to python's grammar but fail with a syntax error at runtime.
                // That's why we need to support them for formatting.
                Expr::FString(_)  |
                Expr::TString(_)|
                Expr::NumberLiteral(_) | Expr::Attribute(_) | Expr::UnaryOp(_) => {
                    // require no state update other than visit_pattern does.
                }

                // `case 4+3j:` or `case 4-3j:
                // Cannot contain arbitrary expressions. Limited to complex numbers.
                Expr::BinOp(_) => {
                    self.update_max_precedence(OperatorPrecedence::Additive, 1);
                }

                _ => {
                    debug_assert!(
                        false,
                        "Unsupported expression in pattern match value: {:?}",
                        value.value
                    );
                }
            },
            Pattern::MatchClass(_) => {
                self.any_parenthesized_expressions = true;

                // The pattern doesn't start with a parentheses pattern, but with the class's identifier.
                self.first.set_if_none(First::Token);
            }
            Pattern::MatchAs(PatternMatchAs { pattern, .. }) => {
                if let Some(pattern) = pattern
                    && is_avoid_parens_for_long_as_captures_enabled(context)
                {
                    self.visit_sub_pattern(pattern, context);
                }
            }
            Pattern::MatchStar(_) | Pattern::MatchSingleton(_) => {}
            Pattern::MatchOr(or_pattern) => {
                self.update_max_precedence(
                    OperatorPrecedence::Or,
                    or_pattern.patterns.len().saturating_sub(1),
                );

                for pattern in &or_pattern.patterns {
                    self.visit_sub_pattern(pattern, context);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    fn visit_sub_pattern(&mut self, pattern: &'a Pattern, context: &PyFormatContext) {
        self.last = Some(pattern);

        // Rule only applies for non-parenthesized patterns.
        if is_pattern_parenthesized(pattern, context.comments().ranges(), context.source()) {
            self.any_parenthesized_expressions = true;
        } else {
            self.visit_pattern(pattern, context);
        }

        self.first.set_if_none(First::Pattern(pattern));
    }

    fn update_max_precedence(&mut self, precedence: OperatorPrecedence, count: usize) {
        match self.max_precedence.cmp(&precedence) {
            Ordering::Less => {
                self.max_precedence_count = count;
                self.max_precedence = precedence;
            }
            Ordering::Equal => {
                self.max_precedence_count += count;
            }
            Ordering::Greater => {}
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, Eq, PartialEq, Default)]
enum OperatorPrecedence {
    #[default]
    None,
    Additive,
    Or,
}

#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default)]
enum First<'a> {
    #[default]
    None,

    /// Pattern starts with a non-parentheses token. E.g. `*x`
    Token,

    Pattern(&'a Pattern),
}

impl<'a> First<'a> {
    #[inline]
    fn set_if_none(&mut self, first: First<'a>) {
        if matches!(self, First::None) {
            *self = first;
        }
    }

    fn pattern(self) -> Option<&'a Pattern> {
        match self {
            First::None | First::Token => None,
            First::Pattern(pattern) => Some(pattern),
        }
    }
}
