use std::io::{Read, Seek, SeekFrom};
use std::sync::Arc;

use arrow_format::ipc::FooterRef;
use arrow_format::ipc::planus::ReadAsRoot;
use polars_error::{PolarsResult, polars_bail, polars_err};
use polars_utils::aliases::{InitHashMaps, PlHashMap};

use super::super::{ARROW_MAGIC_V1, ARROW_MAGIC_V2, CONTINUATION_MARKER};
use super::common::*;
use super::schema::fb_to_schema;
use super::{Dictionaries, OutOfSpecKind, SendableIterator};
use crate::array::Array;
use crate::datatypes::{ArrowSchemaRef, Metadata};
use crate::io::ipc::IpcSchema;
use crate::record_batch::RecordBatchT;

/// Metadata of an Arrow IPC file, written in the footer of the file.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct FileMetadata {
    /// The schema that is read from the file footer
    pub schema: ArrowSchemaRef,

    /// The custom metadata that is read from the schema
    pub custom_schema_metadata: Option<Arc<Metadata>>,

    /// The files' [`IpcSchema`]
    pub ipc_schema: IpcSchema,

    /// The blocks in the file
    ///
    /// A block indicates the regions in the file to read to get data
    pub blocks: Vec<arrow_format::ipc::Block>,

    /// Dictionaries associated to each dict_id
    pub dictionaries: Option<Vec<arrow_format::ipc::Block>>,

    /// The total size of the file in bytes
    pub size: u64,
}

/// Read the row count by summing the length of the of the record batches
pub fn get_row_count<R: Read + Seek>(reader: &mut R) -> PolarsResult<i64> {
    let (_, footer_len) = read_footer_len(reader)?;
    let footer = read_footer(reader, footer_len)?;
    let (_, blocks) = deserialize_footer_blocks(&footer)?;

    get_row_count_from_blocks(reader, &blocks)
}

///  Read the row count by summing the length of the of the record batches in blocks
pub fn get_row_count_from_blocks<R: Read + Seek>(
    reader: &mut R,
    blocks: &[arrow_format::ipc::Block],
) -> PolarsResult<i64> {
    let mut message_scratch: Vec<u8> = Default::default();

    blocks
        .iter()
        .map(|block| {
            let message = get_message_from_block(reader, block, &mut message_scratch)?;
            let record_batch = get_record_batch(message)?;
            record_batch.length().map_err(|e| e.into())
        })
        .sum()
}

pub(crate) fn get_dictionary_batch<'a>(
    message: &'a arrow_format::ipc::MessageRef,
) -> PolarsResult<arrow_format::ipc::DictionaryBatchRef<'a>> {
    let header = message
        .header()
        .map_err(|err| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::InvalidFlatbufferHeader(err)))?
        .ok_or_else(|| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::MissingMessageHeader))?;
    match header {
        arrow_format::ipc::MessageHeaderRef::DictionaryBatch(batch) => Ok(batch),
        _ => polars_bail!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::UnexpectedMessageType),
    }
}

pub fn read_dictionary_block<R: Read + Seek>(
    reader: &mut R,
    metadata: &FileMetadata,
    block: &arrow_format::ipc::Block,
    // When true, the underlying reader bytestream represents a standalone IPC Block
    // rather than a complete IPC File.
    force_zero_offset: bool,
    dictionaries: &mut Dictionaries,
    message_scratch: &mut Vec<u8>,
    dictionary_scratch: &mut Vec<u8>,
) -> PolarsResult<()> {
    let offset: u64 = if force_zero_offset {
        0
    } else {
        block
            .offset
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|_| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::UnexpectedNegativeInteger))?
    };

    let length: u64 = block
        .meta_data_length
        .try_into()
        .map_err(|_| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::UnexpectedNegativeInteger))?;

    let message = get_message_from_block_offset(reader, offset, message_scratch)?;
    let batch = get_dictionary_batch(&message)?;

    read_dictionary(
        batch,
        &metadata.schema,
        &metadata.ipc_schema,
        dictionaries,
        reader,
        offset + length,
        dictionary_scratch,
    )
}

/// Reads all file's dictionaries, if any
/// This function is IO-bounded
pub fn read_file_dictionaries<R: Read + Seek>(
    reader: &mut R,
    metadata: &FileMetadata,
    scratch: &mut Vec<u8>,
) -> PolarsResult<Dictionaries> {
    let mut dictionaries = Default::default();

    let blocks = if let Some(blocks) = &metadata.dictionaries {
        blocks
    } else {
        return Ok(PlHashMap::new());
    };
    // use a temporary smaller scratch for the messages
    let mut message_scratch = Default::default();

    for block in blocks {
        read_dictionary_block(
            reader,
            metadata,
            block,
            false,
            &mut dictionaries,
            &mut message_scratch,
            scratch,
        )?;
    }
    Ok(dictionaries)
}

pub(super) fn decode_footer_len(footer: [u8; 10], end: u64) -> PolarsResult<(u64, usize)> {
    let footer_len = i32::from_le_bytes(footer[..4].try_into().unwrap());

    if footer[4..] != ARROW_MAGIC_V2 {
        if footer[..4] == ARROW_MAGIC_V1 {
            polars_bail!(ComputeError: "feather v1 not supported");
        }
        return Err(polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::InvalidFooter));
    }
    let footer_len = footer_len
        .try_into()
        .map_err(|_| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::NegativeFooterLength))?;

    Ok((end, footer_len))
}

/// Reads the footer's length and magic number in footer
fn read_footer_len<R: Read + Seek>(reader: &mut R) -> PolarsResult<(u64, usize)> {
    // read footer length and magic number in footer
    let end = reader.seek(SeekFrom::End(-10))? + 10;

    let mut footer: [u8; 10] = [0; 10];

    reader.read_exact(&mut footer)?;
    decode_footer_len(footer, end)
}

fn read_footer<R: Read + Seek>(reader: &mut R, footer_len: usize) -> PolarsResult<Vec<u8>> {
    // read footer
    reader.seek(SeekFrom::End(-10 - footer_len as i64))?;

    let mut serialized_footer = vec![];
    serialized_footer.try_reserve(footer_len)?;
    reader
        .by_ref()
        .take(footer_len as u64)
        .read_to_end(&mut serialized_footer)?;
    Ok(serialized_footer)
}

fn deserialize_footer_blocks(
    footer_data: &[u8],
) -> PolarsResult<(FooterRef<'_>, Vec<arrow_format::ipc::Block>)> {
    let footer = arrow_format::ipc::FooterRef::read_as_root(footer_data)
        .map_err(|err| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::InvalidFlatbufferFooter(err)))?;

    let blocks = footer
        .record_batches()
        .map_err(|err| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::InvalidFlatbufferRecordBatches(err)))?
        .ok_or_else(|| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::MissingRecordBatches))?;

    let blocks = blocks
        .iter()
        .map(|blockref| Ok(<arrow_format::ipc::Block>::from(blockref)))
        .collect::<PolarsResult<Vec<_>>>()?;
    Ok((footer, blocks))
}

pub(super) fn deserialize_footer_ref(footer_data: &[u8]) -> PolarsResult<FooterRef<'_>> {
    arrow_format::ipc::FooterRef::read_as_root(footer_data)
        .map_err(|err| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::InvalidFlatbufferFooter(err)))
}

pub(super) fn deserialize_schema_ref_from_footer(
    footer: arrow_format::ipc::FooterRef<'_>,
) -> PolarsResult<arrow_format::ipc::SchemaRef<'_>> {
    footer
        .schema()
        .map_err(|err| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::InvalidFlatbufferSchema(err)))?
        .ok_or_else(|| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::MissingSchema))
}

/// Get the IPC blocks from the footer containing record batches
pub(super) fn iter_recordbatch_blocks_from_footer(
    footer: arrow_format::ipc::FooterRef<'_>,
) -> PolarsResult<impl SendableIterator<Item = PolarsResult<arrow_format::ipc::Block>> + '_> {
    let blocks = footer
        .record_batches()
        .map_err(|err| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::InvalidFlatbufferRecordBatches(err)))?
        .ok_or_else(|| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::MissingRecordBatches))?;

    Ok(blocks
        .into_iter()
        .map(|blockref| Ok(<arrow_format::ipc::Block>::from(blockref))))
}

pub(super) fn iter_dictionary_blocks_from_footer(
    footer: arrow_format::ipc::FooterRef<'_>,
) -> PolarsResult<Option<impl SendableIterator<Item = PolarsResult<arrow_format::ipc::Block>> + '_>>
{
    let dictionaries = footer
        .dictionaries()
        .map_err(|err| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::InvalidFlatbufferDictionaries(err)))?;

    Ok(dictionaries.map(|dicts| {
        dicts
            .into_iter()
            .map(|blockref| Ok(<arrow_format::ipc::Block>::from(blockref)))
    }))
}

pub fn deserialize_footer(footer_data: &[u8], size: u64) -> PolarsResult<FileMetadata> {
    let footer = deserialize_footer_ref(footer_data)?;
    let blocks = iter_recordbatch_blocks_from_footer(footer)?.collect::<PolarsResult<Vec<_>>>()?;
    let dictionaries = iter_dictionary_blocks_from_footer(footer)?
        .map(|dicts| dicts.collect::<PolarsResult<Vec<_>>>())
        .transpose()?;
    let ipc_schema = deserialize_schema_ref_from_footer(footer)?;
    let (schema, ipc_schema, custom_schema_metadata) = fb_to_schema(ipc_schema)?;

    Ok(FileMetadata {
        schema: Arc::new(schema),
        ipc_schema,
        blocks,
        dictionaries,
        size,
        custom_schema_metadata: custom_schema_metadata.map(Arc::new),
    })
}

/// Read the Arrow IPC file's metadata
pub fn read_file_metadata<R: Read + Seek>(reader: &mut R) -> PolarsResult<FileMetadata> {
    let start = reader.stream_position()?;
    let (end, footer_len) = read_footer_len(reader)?;
    let serialized_footer = read_footer(reader, footer_len)?;
    deserialize_footer(&serialized_footer, end - start)
}

pub(crate) fn get_record_batch(
    message: arrow_format::ipc::MessageRef,
) -> PolarsResult<arrow_format::ipc::RecordBatchRef> {
    let header = message
        .header()
        .map_err(|err| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::InvalidFlatbufferHeader(err)))?
        .ok_or_else(|| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::MissingMessageHeader))?;
    match header {
        arrow_format::ipc::MessageHeaderRef::RecordBatch(batch) => Ok(batch),
        _ => polars_bail!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::UnexpectedMessageType),
    }
}

pub fn get_message_from_block_offset<'a, R: Read + Seek>(
    reader: &mut R,
    offset: u64,
    message_scratch: &'a mut Vec<u8>,
) -> PolarsResult<arrow_format::ipc::MessageRef<'a>> {
    reader.seek(SeekFrom::Start(offset))?;
    let mut meta_buf = [0; 4];
    reader.read_exact(&mut meta_buf)?;
    if meta_buf == CONTINUATION_MARKER {
        // continuation marker encountered, read message next
        reader.read_exact(&mut meta_buf)?;
    }

    let meta_len = i32::from_le_bytes(meta_buf)
        .try_into()
        .map_err(|_| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::UnexpectedNegativeInteger))?;

    message_scratch.clear();
    message_scratch.try_reserve(meta_len)?;
    reader
        .by_ref()
        .take(meta_len as u64)
        .read_to_end(message_scratch)?;

    arrow_format::ipc::MessageRef::read_as_root(message_scratch)
        .map_err(|err| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::InvalidFlatbufferMessage(err)))
}

pub(super) fn get_message_from_block<'a, R: Read + Seek>(
    reader: &mut R,
    block: &arrow_format::ipc::Block,
    message_scratch: &'a mut Vec<u8>,
) -> PolarsResult<arrow_format::ipc::MessageRef<'a>> {
    let offset: u64 = block
        .offset
        .try_into()
        .map_err(|_| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::NegativeFooterLength))?;

    get_message_from_block_offset(reader, offset, message_scratch)
}

/// Reads the record batch at position `index` from the reader.
///
/// This function is useful for random access to the file. For example, if
/// you have indexed the file somewhere else, this allows pruning
/// certain parts of the file.
/// # Panics
/// This function panics iff `index >= metadata.blocks.len()`
#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
pub fn read_batch<R: Read + Seek>(
    reader: &mut R,
    dictionaries: &Dictionaries,
    metadata: &FileMetadata,
    projection: Option<&[usize]>,
    limit: Option<usize>,
    index: usize,
    // When true, the reader object is handled as an IPC Block.
    force_zero_offset: bool,
    message_scratch: &mut Vec<u8>,
    data_scratch: &mut Vec<u8>,
) -> PolarsResult<RecordBatchT<Box<dyn Array>>> {
    let block = metadata.blocks[index];

    let offset: u64 = if force_zero_offset {
        0
    } else {
        block
            .offset
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|_| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::NegativeFooterLength))?
    };

    let length: u64 = block
        .meta_data_length
        .try_into()
        .map_err(|_| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::NegativeFooterLength))?;

    let message = get_message_from_block_offset(reader, offset, message_scratch)?;
    let batch = get_record_batch(message)?;

    read_record_batch(
        batch,
        &metadata.schema,
        &metadata.ipc_schema,
        projection,
        limit,
        dictionaries,
        message
            .version()
            .map_err(|err| polars_err!(oos = OutOfSpecKind::InvalidFlatbufferVersion(err)))?,
        reader,
        offset + length,
        data_scratch,
    )
}
