use std::borrow::Cow;

use super::*;

pub struct IRBuilder<'a> {
    root: Node,
    expr_arena: &'a mut Arena<AExpr>,
    lp_arena: &'a mut Arena<IR>,
}

impl<'a> IRBuilder<'a> {
    pub fn new(root: Node, expr_arena: &'a mut Arena<AExpr>, lp_arena: &'a mut Arena<IR>) -> Self {
        IRBuilder {
            root,
            expr_arena,
            lp_arena,
        }
    }

    pub fn from_lp(lp: IR, expr_arena: &'a mut Arena<AExpr>, lp_arena: &'a mut Arena<IR>) -> Self {
        let root = lp_arena.add(lp);
        IRBuilder {
            root,
            expr_arena,
            lp_arena,
        }
    }

    pub fn add_alp(self, lp: IR) -> Self {
        let node = self.lp_arena.add(lp);
        IRBuilder::new(node, self.expr_arena, self.lp_arena)
    }

    /// Adds IR and runs optimizations on its expressions (simplify, coerce, type-check).
    pub fn add_alp_optimize_exprs<F>(self, f: F) -> PolarsResult<Self>
    where
        F: FnOnce(Node) -> IR,
    {
        let lp = f(self.root);
        let ir_name = lp.name();

        let b = self.add_alp(lp);

        // Run the optimizer
        let mut conversion_optimizer = ConversionOptimizer::new(true, true, true);
        conversion_optimizer.fill_scratch(b.lp_arena.get(b.root).exprs(), b.expr_arena);
        conversion_optimizer
            .optimize_exprs(b.expr_arena, b.lp_arena, b.root, false)
            .map_err(|e| e.context(format!("optimizing '{ir_name}' failed").into()))?;

        Ok(b)
    }

    /// An escape hatch to add an `Expr`. Working with IR is preferred.
    pub fn add_expr(&mut self, expr: Expr) -> PolarsResult<ExprIR> {
        let schema = self.lp_arena.get(self.root).schema(self.lp_arena);
        let mut ctx = ExprToIRContext::new(self.expr_arena, &schema);
        to_expr_ir(expr, &mut ctx)
    }

    pub fn project(self, exprs: Vec<ExprIR>, options: ProjectionOptions) -> Self {
        // if len == 0, no projection has to be done. This is a select all operation.
        if exprs.is_empty() {
            self
        } else {
            let input_schema = self.schema();
            let schema = expr_irs_to_schema(&exprs, &input_schema, self.expr_arena)
                .expect("no valid schema can be derived for the query");

            let lp = IR::Select {
                expr: exprs,
                input: self.root,
                schema: Arc::new(schema),
                options,
            };
            let node = self.lp_arena.add(lp);
            IRBuilder::new(node, self.expr_arena, self.lp_arena)
        }
    }

    pub fn project_simple_nodes<I, N>(self, nodes: I) -> PolarsResult<Self>
    where
        I: IntoIterator<Item = N>,
        N: Into<Node>,
        I::IntoIter: ExactSizeIterator,
    {
        let names = nodes
            .into_iter()
            .map(|node| match self.expr_arena.get(node.into()) {
                AExpr::Column(name) => name,
                _ => unreachable!(),
            });
        // This is a duplication of `project_simple` because we already borrow self.expr_arena :/
        if names.size_hint().0 == 0 {
            Ok(self)
        } else {
            let input_schema = self.schema();
            let mut count = 0;
            let schema = names
                .map(|name| {
                    let dtype = input_schema.try_get(name)?;
                    count += 1;
                    Ok(Field::new(name.clone(), dtype.clone()))
                })
                .collect::<PolarsResult<Schema>>()?;

            polars_ensure!(count == schema.len(), Duplicate: "found duplicate columns");

            let lp = IR::SimpleProjection {
                input: self.root,
                columns: Arc::new(schema),
            };
            let node = self.lp_arena.add(lp);
            Ok(IRBuilder::new(node, self.expr_arena, self.lp_arena))
        }
    }

    pub fn project_simple<I, S>(self, names: I) -> PolarsResult<Self>
    where
        I: IntoIterator<Item = S>,
        I::IntoIter: ExactSizeIterator,
        S: Into<PlSmallStr>,
    {
        let names = names.into_iter();
        // if len == 0, no projection has to be done. This is a select all operation.
        if names.size_hint().0 == 0 {
            Ok(self)
        } else {
            let input_schema = self.schema();
            let mut count = 0;
            let schema = names
                .map(|name| {
                    let name: PlSmallStr = name.into();
                    let dtype = input_schema.try_get(name.as_str())?;
                    count += 1;
                    Ok(Field::new(name, dtype.clone()))
                })
                .collect::<PolarsResult<Schema>>()?;

            polars_ensure!(count == schema.len(), Duplicate: "found duplicate columns");

            let lp = IR::SimpleProjection {
                input: self.root,
                columns: Arc::new(schema),
            };
            let node = self.lp_arena.add(lp);
            Ok(IRBuilder::new(node, self.expr_arena, self.lp_arena))
        }
    }

    pub fn drop<I, S>(self, names: I) -> Self
    where
        I: IntoIterator<Item = S>,
        I::IntoIter: ExactSizeIterator,
        S: Into<PlSmallStr>,
    {
        let names = names.into_iter();
        // if len == 0, no projection has to be done. This is a select all operation.
        if names.size_hint().0 == 0 {
            self
        } else {
            let mut schema = self.schema().as_ref().as_ref().clone();

            for name in names {
                let name: PlSmallStr = name.into();
                schema.remove(&name);
            }

            let lp = IR::SimpleProjection {
                input: self.root,
                columns: Arc::new(schema),
            };
            let node = self.lp_arena.add(lp);
            IRBuilder::new(node, self.expr_arena, self.lp_arena)
        }
    }

    pub fn sort(
        self,
        by_column: Vec<ExprIR>,
        slice: Option<(i64, usize)>,
        sort_options: SortMultipleOptions,
    ) -> Self {
        let ir = IR::Sort {
            input: self.root,
            by_column,
            slice,
            sort_options,
        };
        let node = self.lp_arena.add(ir);
        IRBuilder::new(node, self.expr_arena, self.lp_arena)
    }

    pub fn node(self) -> Node {
        self.root
    }

    pub fn build(self) -> IR {
        if self.root.0 == self.lp_arena.len() {
            self.lp_arena.pop().unwrap()
        } else {
            self.lp_arena.take(self.root)
        }
    }

    pub fn schema(&'a self) -> Cow<'a, SchemaRef> {
        self.lp_arena.get(self.root).schema(self.lp_arena)
    }

    pub fn with_columns(self, exprs: Vec<ExprIR>, options: ProjectionOptions) -> Self {
        let schema = self.schema();
        let mut new_schema = (**schema).clone();

        let hstack_schema = expr_irs_to_schema(&exprs, &schema, self.expr_arena)
            .expect("no valid schema can be derived for the query");
        new_schema.merge(hstack_schema);

        let lp = IR::HStack {
            input: self.root,
            exprs,
            schema: Arc::new(new_schema),
            options,
        };
        self.add_alp(lp)
    }

    pub fn with_columns_simple<I, J: Into<Node>>(self, exprs: I, options: ProjectionOptions) -> Self
    where
        I: IntoIterator<Item = J>,
    {
        let schema = self.schema();
        let mut new_schema = (**schema).clone();

        let iter = exprs.into_iter();
        let mut expr_irs = Vec::with_capacity(iter.size_hint().0);
        for node in iter {
            let node = node.into();
            let field = self
                .expr_arena
                .get(node)
                .to_field(&ToFieldContext::new(self.expr_arena, &schema))
                .unwrap();

            expr_irs.push(
                ExprIR::new(node, OutputName::ColumnLhs(field.name.clone()))
                    .with_dtype(field.dtype.clone()),
            );
            new_schema.with_column(field.name().clone(), field.dtype().clone());
        }

        let lp = IR::HStack {
            input: self.root,
            exprs: expr_irs,
            schema: Arc::new(new_schema),
            options,
        };
        self.add_alp(lp)
    }

    // call this if the schema needs to be updated
    pub fn explode(self, columns: Arc<[PlSmallStr]>, options: ExplodeOptions) -> Self {
        let lp = IR::MapFunction {
            input: self.root,
            function: FunctionIR::Explode {
                columns,
                options,
                schema: Default::default(),
            },
        };
        self.add_alp(lp)
    }

    pub fn group_by(
        self,
        keys: Vec<ExprIR>,
        aggs: Vec<ExprIR>,
        apply: Option<PlanCallback<DataFrame, DataFrame>>,
        maintain_order: bool,
        options: Arc<GroupbyOptions>,
    ) -> Self {
        let current_schema = self.schema();
        let mut schema = expr_irs_to_schema(&keys, &current_schema, self.expr_arena)
            .expect("no valid schema can be derived for the key expression");

        #[cfg(feature = "dynamic_group_by")]
        {
            if let Some(options) = options.rolling.as_ref() {
                let name = &options.index_column;
                let dtype = current_schema.get(name).unwrap();
                schema.with_column(name.clone(), dtype.clone());
            } else if let Some(options) = options.dynamic.as_ref() {
                let name = &options.index_column;
                let dtype = current_schema.get(name).unwrap();
                if options.include_boundaries {
                    schema.with_column("_lower_boundary".into(), dtype.clone());
                    schema.with_column("_upper_boundary".into(), dtype.clone());
                }
                schema.with_column(name.clone(), dtype.clone());
            }
        }

        let mut aggs_schema = expr_irs_to_schema(&aggs, &current_schema, self.expr_arena)
            .expect("no valid schema can be derived for the agg expression");

        // Coerce aggregation column(s) into List unless not needed (auto-implode)
        debug_assert!(aggs_schema.len() == aggs.len());
        for ((_name, dtype), expr) in aggs_schema.iter_mut().zip(&aggs) {
            if !expr.is_scalar(self.expr_arena) {
                *dtype = dtype.clone().implode();
            }
        }

        schema.merge(aggs_schema);

        let lp = IR::GroupBy {
            input: self.root,
            keys,
            aggs,
            schema: Arc::new(schema),
            apply,
            maintain_order,
            options,
        };
        self.add_alp(lp)
    }

    pub fn join(
        self,
        other: Node,
        left_on: Vec<ExprIR>,
        right_on: Vec<ExprIR>,
        options: Arc<JoinOptionsIR>,
    ) -> Self {
        let schema_left = self.schema();
        let schema_right = self.lp_arena.get(other).schema(self.lp_arena);

        let schema = det_join_schema(
            &schema_left,
            &schema_right,
            &left_on,
            &right_on,
            &options,
            self.expr_arena,
        )
        .unwrap();

        let lp = IR::Join {
            input_left: self.root,
            input_right: other,
            schema,
            left_on,
            right_on,
            options,
        };

        self.add_alp(lp)
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "pivot")]
    pub fn unpivot(self, args: Arc<UnpivotArgsIR>) -> Self {
        let lp = IR::MapFunction {
            input: self.root,
            function: FunctionIR::Unpivot {
                args,
                schema: Default::default(),
            },
        };
        self.add_alp(lp)
    }

    pub fn row_index(self, name: PlSmallStr, offset: Option<IdxSize>) -> Self {
        let lp = IR::MapFunction {
            input: self.root,
            function: FunctionIR::RowIndex {
                name,
                offset,
                schema: Default::default(),
            },
        };
        self.add_alp(lp)
    }

    pub fn hint(self, hint: HintIR) -> Self {
        let lp = IR::MapFunction {
            input: self.root,
            function: FunctionIR::Hint(hint),
        };
        self.add_alp(lp)
    }
}
